Prosody Systematic Study of the Meter of Poetry

Prosody is a technical term used in linguistics and poetry to describe the patterns, rhythms or meters of a language. Prosody can refer to the rules for the pronunciation of a language as well as its versification. The correct pronunciation of words includes: enunciation,proper accentingmaking sure each syllable has its required length Syllable Length Syllable length doesnt seem terribly important for pronunciation in English. Take a word like laboratory. It looks as though it should be divided syllabically into: la-bo-ra-to-ry So it appears to have 5 syllables, but when someone from the U.S. or U.K. pronounces it, there are only 4. Oddly, the 4 syllables arent the same. Americans heavily stress the first syllable. lab-ra-,to-ry In the U.K. you probably hear: la-bor-a-,try When we stress a syllable, we hold it an extra time. The Latin for time is tempus and the word for the duration of time, especially in linguistics, is mora. Two short syllables or morae count for one long syllable. Latin and Greek have rules about whether a given syllable is long or short. More than in English, length is very important. Why You Need to Know About Prosody Whenever you read ancient Greek or Latin poetry you are reading the writing of a man or woman who has replaced the mundane with the loftier speech of poetry. Part of the flavor of the poetry is conveyed by the tempo of the words. To read the poetry woodenly without trying to grasp the tempo would be like reading sheet music without playing it even mentally. If such an artistic rationale doesnt motivate you to try to learn about Greek and Roman meter, hows this? Understanding the meter will help you to translate. Foot A foot is a unit of a meter in poetry. A foot will usually have 2, 3 or 4 syllables in Greek and Latin poetry. 2 Morae (Remember: one short syllable has one time or mora.) A foot composed of two short syllables is called pyrrhic. A pyrrhic foot would have two times or morae. 3 Morae A trochee is a long syllable followed by a short and an iam(b) is a short syllable followed by a long. Both of these have 3 morae. 4 Morae A foot with 2 long syllables is called a spondee. A spondee would have 4 morae. Uncommon feet, like the dispondee, can have 8 morae, and there are special, long patterned ones, like the Sapphic, named after the famous woman poet Sappho of Lesbos. Trisyllabic Feet There are eight possible feet based on three syllables. The two most common are: the dactyl, which is named visually for the finger, (long, short, short)the anapest (short, short, long). Feet of four or more syllables are compound feet. Verse A verse is a line of poetry using feet according to a specified pattern or meter. A meter can refer to a single foot in a verse. If you have a verse made up of dactyls, each dactyl is a meter. A meter is not always a single foot. For instance, in a line of iambic trimeter, each meter or metron (pl. metra or metrons) consists of two feet. Dactylic Hexameter If the meter is dactyl, with 6 meters in the verse, you have a line of dactylic hexameter. If there are only five meters, it is pentameter. Dactylic hexameter is the meter that was used in epic poetry or heroic poetry. There is one additional important bit of confusing information: the meter used in dactylic hexameter can be either dactyl (long, short, short) or a spondee (long, long). Meter for the AP Exam For the AP Latin - Vergil Exam, students need to know dactylic hexameters and be able to determine the length of each syllable. —UU|—UU|—UU|—UU|—UU|—X. The last syllable may be taken to be long since the sixth foot is treated as a spondee. Except in the fifth syllable, a long syllable can replace the two shorts (UU).

Finance Questionnaire - 1443 Words

Chapter 12 Question Baxter Video Products sales are expected to increase by 20% from $5M in 2010 to $6M in 2011. Its assets totaled $3M at the end of 2010. Baxter is already at full capacity, so its assets must grow at the same rate as projected sales. At the end of 2010, current liabilities were $1M, consisting of $250K of accounts payable, $500K of notes payable, and $250K of accruals. The after-tax profit margin is forecasted to be 5%, and the forecasted payout ratio is 70%. Use the AFN equation to forecast Baxters additional funds needed for the coming year. S0 = $5,000,000 g = 20% S1 = S0 * (1+g) S1 = $5M * (1+20%) S1 = $6,000,000 gS0 = $1,000,000 (Change in Sales) A0* = $3,500,000 A0*/S0 = 70% L0* = $1,000,000 L0*/S0 = 20% Profit Margin = 5% Payout Ratio (POR)= 70% AFN = (A0*/S0) S (L0*/S0) S S1 * M * (1-POR) AFN = (70%*1,000,000) (20%*1,000,000) ($6,000,000*5%*(1-70%)) AFN = 700,000 200,000 90,000 AFN = 410,000 Chapter 13 Question Explain how it is possible for sales growth to decrease the value of a profitable company. A company can be profitable and yet have an Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) that is less than the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), if the company has large capital requirements. If the ROIC is less than the WACC, then the company is not earning enough on its capital to satisfy investors. Growth adds even more capital that is not satisfying investors, hence, growth decreases value. 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Demand and Supply of Petrochemical Products

Question: Discuss about theDemand and Supply of Petrochemical Products. Answer: Introduction: Oil (petroleum) is one of the valuable natural energy sources in the world. The introduction thus must talk about how scarce it is. Other than being used as fuel for energy and transport, it is also used for creating petrochemical products. Petrochemical goods, such as plastic, appliances, solar panel, automobile parts, bullet proof vests and others utilize roughly 5% of worlds annual supply of oil. Arguably, the modern oil era started from 1901. The consumption of petroleum was mostly dominated by fuel users before that. In the long run, oil faces a demand curve almost as elastic as a life-saving drug. Its abundance and high demand make its price a crucial driving force in an economy. The increasing number of oilfields can hardly compete with the growing demand faced by the petroleum market. Currently, demand for crude oil is around 90 million barrels per day, which is four times of the discovery rate of oil reservoirs (Ji and Fan 2012). The United States is the biggest oil consumin g country, followed by China, India, and Japan. Russia, Saudi Arabia, United States of America, Iraq and China are the first five countries in the list of highest oil producing countries. Demand and Supply of oil is a more complex concept than that of any other goods. The idea of demand and supply is used to find out the equilibrium price of a commodity. Theoretically, if the demand for a good increases or supply of the good decreases, the price of the good increases. Again, a drop in the demand for that good or the increase in the supply makes the price of the good go down. This whole process takes place at the same timeframe (Bowen and Sosa 2014). This is how the market mechanism works for most of the common goods (Cashin 2014). In the case of oil, the present price depends on the future price of oil, at a certain predefined period of time. This mechanism takes place at the Oil futures market. Oil futures contract binds the supplier and the consumer to make a transaction under its regulations. This mechanism helps the operating individuals of the market to lock in an agreeable price which minimizes the risk of a financial loss. Two types of future traders are presen t in this scenario, hedgers and speculators. Hedgers are those traders, who trade a futures contract to protect himself from price changes in his product, in future. Speculators are those who use futures contract as an investment in the stock market to earn a profit. They buy a futures contract, whose price they expect to rise in the future and sell the contracts when the price is likely to fall. The increasing population results in increasing demand for vehicles. More vehicles require more units of fuel, which directly or indirectly comes from petroleum. The growing rate of the population also increases the requirement of petrochemical goods. Hence, it can be said that, the demand for oil is rising with the steep increase in population and that they are positively correlated. The number of consumers is much bigger than the number of suppliers in the petroleum market. It leaves the consumer side of the market with very little power to influence the market price, unlike producers. Sa udi Arabia, producing thirteen percent of the total oil production, currently ranks one in the table of top oil producing countries. The United States of America is the 2nd top oil producing country, producing twelve percent of the total oil production. Seasonal changes in weather also affect the demand for petroleum in most of the countries. For example, in winter more hitting oil is used by people, which is not the case in summer. Oil is sold and bought in world market using US dollars. Therefore, a change in the exchange value of dollar plays a huge role in determining the demand for petroleum. If the value of US dollar depreciates the demand for oil and petrochemical goods will increase, vice-versa. The process of oil extraction, supply and oil wells position in the map also play huge roles in determining the price of petroleum in a country (Anandan and Ramaswamy 2016). The price of oil in Australia is arguably rising more than that in the countries which are closer to the oil p roducing countries due to the adding cost of carrying the petroleum from countries like Russia, Middle East, and South East Asia, etc. Supply of oil can be affected by various reasons. For example, political unrests between countries might change prices of petroleum and petrochemical goods (Hou, Mountain and Wu 2016). After the Ukraine issue, Russia has disrupted trade with the European Union and Australia. The Brexit issue made oil trade more costly for Australia. Supply of oil also depends on OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries). It is a consortium of 13 oil producing countries, which are Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the Arab Emirates and Venezuela. 40 percent of worlds petroleum production is monitored by these member countries. Figure 1. Demand and supply for OPEC Source As created by author The above figure is showing the demand OPEC was facing in the year 2015 and 2016s 2nd quarter along with the aggregate supply. Oil speculation drives the investors to purchase or sell futures contracts which influence the market demand and supply of petroleum. In the year 2008, people thought speculators were buying more contracts (Kilian 2014). It led to a hike in oil prices ($140/barrel). The price fell to $30/barrel by the end of 2009 due to the rise in price, which was not backed up by an appropriate amount of demand. Recently, developing countries like China and India are demanding more petroleum which is affecting the global market for oil (Reboredo 2012). Conclusion: There are various other reasons which also play their respective parts in determining the demand and supply of oil like taste and preferences of the consumers, culture, GDP of a country, other natural resources present, etc. Oil is a scarce resource, which has a limit and can end in future. The rate of exhaustion is greater than the rate of discovery of new oil wells. All these reasons suggest that there will always be a gradual increase in oil price. But in reality, short run shocks are playing significant roles determining the price of petroleum and petrochemical goods. It increases, as well as decreases the price of oil over time (Peersman and Stevens 2013). References: Anandan, M. and Ramaswamy, S., 2016. Global Oil Market: Macro Economic Scenario. Global Journal For Research Analysis, 4(9). Bowen, W.G. and Sosa, J.A., 2014. Prospects for faculty in the arts and sciences: A study of factors affecting demand and supply, 1987 to 2012. Princeton University Press. Cashin, P., Mohaddes, K., Raissi, M. and Raissi, M., 2014. The differential effects of oil demand and supply shocks on the global economy. Energy Economics, 44, pp.113-134. Hou, K., Mountain, D. and Wu, T., 2016. Oil Price Shocks and Their Transmission Mechanism in an Oil-Exporting Economy: a VAR Analysis Informed by a DSGE Model. Journal of International Money and Finance. Ji, Q. and Fan, Y., 2012. How does oil price volatility affect non-energy commodity markets?. Applied Energy, 89(1), pp.273-280. Kilian, L., 2014. Oil price shocks: causes and consequences. Peersman, G. and Stevens, A., 2013. Analyzing Oil Demand and Supply Shocks in an Estimated DSGE Model. Ghent University unpublished manuscript. Reboredo, J.C., 2012. Modelling oil price and exchange rate co-movements. Journal of Policy Modeling, 34(3), pp.419-440.

Sports And Aggressive Behavior Essays (2654 words) -

Sports And Aggressive Behavior Sport and aggressive behavior, Do sports create aggressive behavior, or simply attract people who are already aggressive? Aggression and sport have gone together as long as sports have been around, be it the players themselves, to the parents, coaches, or spectators, they just seem to be an inseparable part of each other. The term violence is defined as physical assault based on total disregard for the well being of self and others, or the intent to injure another person ( 2. Coakley). Intimidation usually does not cause physical harm, but often is designed to produce psychological consequences, enabling one person to physically over power or dominate another. These statements as defined by the author, Jay J. Coakley, is what people today have made a must part on sport. Pleasure and participation sports absolutely cannot be grouped with power and performance sports when in relation to aggression.Pleasure sports are simply played for pleasure. Score is usually not kept. The athletes participating are usually on occasion doing it for fun and exercise. A majority of athletes who have been playing sports since they were little, have probably been pounded into their heads that to be successful in sport, you need to be aggressive, and at some times, unnecessary. Also that to get what you want, you have to go at it with all force. Not that this is wrong but, this attitude in today's society has been a major problem factor to the athletes when they get older, to get into trouble with the law. Those long-term effects of so called discipline, patterns develops these destructive behaviors. (9. Montague) Although some people are still in belief that aggressive behaviors in all forms, are grounded into instincts, but they also relate these actions to sports. Their parents played, who were known for their aggressive behavior, so the child feels that they have to live up to that expectation.( 6. Storr) Athletes do have to be aggressive to a point, so that the team can form a strategy to win. There is also a limit to aggression when it turns into violence. People might say that it's not aggression or violence, it's just adrenaline pumping. Adrenaline isn't even similar to violence. Aggression, maybe, but nothing that would be harmful to anyone else. This might be a factor to why contact sports are so popular. For example, football, hockey, rugby, wrestling, and boxing. Contrary to predictions of instinct theory, several studies show that contact sports exist and thrive in the same societies that have high rates of aggression and violence. Unfortunately, another belief is that contact sports teach discipline, self-respect, and self-defense. (8. May ) Contact sports aren't a positive way to teach these things. Being physically tough helps, but it also needs to be left on the field when the game is over. This can also lead to the abuse of family, girlfriends, boyfriends, friends, and any other person who gets in their ?way?, because athletes use these sports as a way to get their aggression and angers out. ( 10. Hauser, Powers, Noam ) Oth er's might argue that it's skill, and not in the least way violent. Although we really can't give a straight and to the point answer to the question ?Is aggression an Instinct We can say that in man, as in other animals, there exists a physiological mechanism, when stimulated, it rises both subjective feelings of anger and to physical changes, which relate to fighting. This is easily set off, and like other emotional responses, it is very stereotyped, and instinctive. Just like one person is like a very angry person; they resemble one another at the psychological level. The way in which humans adapt to and control their feelings of rage. ( 5. Toch) The mechanisms in which these body changes, the functions that come about is still completely misunderstood. ( 5. Toch) Experiments from animal's show that it appears that there is a small area from the base of the brain in which the feeling of anger starts. This, from which is sent to the nervous impulses that cause the blood pressure to rise. This area is called the hypothalamus. Its function is to coordinate responses like anger. ( 3

12 Steps to Writing a Research Proposal

12 Steps to Writing a Research Proposal A guideline on writing a research proposal. Follow 12 steps described in the article below to write a research proposal effectively. There is a number of useful tips that can be used for writing an effective thesis proposal. First, remember that a thesis proposal is generally written in a present or future tense. When you write your actual master’s thesis, you will need to use past tense. Below you will find the main steps that will show you how to write a research proposal. Want to know more about what a research proposal is? Below is the article explaining what a research proposal is: WHAT IS A RESEARCH PROPOSAL? A Guideline on Writing a Research Proposal Step 1: Make a great introduction.  The part that is designed to capture your reader’s attention is the introduction to your master thesis proposal. It is a good idea to write it last, that way it is more likely to become interesting and you will sound like you know what to do. This recommendation might seem strange at first; however, it’s perfectly logical because once everything has been researched, written and checked, you will have a good picture of what the end product is like. With this picture in mind, it’s best to work on the introductory part of your paper last. Step 2: State the problem.  Voice your research question. You might want to restate it in the form of the sentence so that your reader understands it better. Step 3: Provide background.  Explain how the problem emerged. Give some background information on the issue you are going to research to substantiate the need for the problem resolution. Step 4: Declare the purpose.  You should necessarily mention the purpose of your dissertation in the thesis proposal. Step 5: State significance.  Mentioning the significance of the problem will add value to your research project. Step 6:  Explain methods.  Your reader should be aware of the methods your research project is going to utilize. Step 7: Review literature.  A master’s research proposal is unthinkable without reviewing literature that is relevant to the topic of research. A thorough analysis of the literature sources should be conducted and clearly explained in the proposal. Do not forget to mention any alternative viewpoints on the topic; they might be useful in researching your question. Step 8: Formulate a clear hypothesis.  Hypothesis section sets the goal for the thesis. If it is clear and understandable, the entire research project will become clear and easy to carry out. Step 9: Define your terms.  Your proposal will be read by people who might not fully understand your dissertation and the terms it uses. You will need to provide a definition for every term you are using in your master’s thesis. Step 10: Tell your reader about your research assumptions.  The research proposal for your master’s thesis should contain the basic assumptions you are making while working on the essay. Step 11: Define scope and limitations.  Any research has its scope and limitations; you just can’t cover everything with just one research project. Clearly, state the limitations and scope for your study and outline possibility for subsequent research. Step 12: Explain the procedure.  Your reader should be aware of the procedure you are going to follow in the writing process. You will need to explain what and how will be done within the framework of your research. These simple steps will allow you to come up with a research proposal that will high chances of getting approved either by your advisor or the board of advisors. Once the research proposal is completed and approved, we can move on to reviewing the basic thesis structure. Here is a great list of research proposal topics: 50 RESEARCH PROPOSAL TOPICS FOR MASTERS DISSERTATION In case you want our writers to create a custom-written research proposal for you, let us know. All the outlined steps have proven their efficiency for getting the research proposal approved. We are also open to revising your research proposal outline and format until it becomes truly effective. Our writers can also review, revise and proofread your essay in case you have completed it yourself and want to have it reviewed by a professional writer. Whatever the case please visit the order page and we will start working on your research proposal.

Empire of the Sun Essays

Empire of the Sun Essays Empire of the Sun Paper Empire of the Sun Paper Essay Topic: Film Steven Spielbergs film The Empire of the Sun, based on J G Ballards novel, follows the experience of James (Jim) Graham during the siege of Shanghai by the Japanese during the Pacific War of the 1940s. The film utilises a number of cinematographic effects so as to create atmosphere and depth, and successfully reaches viewers emotions. The film successfully employs imagery as a means for creating atmosphere. Throughout the film, underlying parallels can be observed, linking situations to other similar scenarios, which occur earlier in the film. In addition to imagery, music and sound affects are also central to the viewers overall appreciation of this film, and constitute an important part of the overall result. Characterisation, as could be expected, is also important for the viewers understanding of this text. In terms of filmic devices, a particularly important scene from this movie is that of coffins floating along the Yangtze (Yellow) River. This scene, which is accompanied by Suo Gan, involves the depiction of a number of coffins, presumably containing corpses, slowly drifting along the river in Shanghai. Although the viewer cannot be sure that these coffins are in some way connected with traditional custom, the theme of death and a definite end to life, involving the river, and the theme of the river as serving as some form of path towards an alternative existence is revisited, during a later stage of the film. Towards the conclusion of Empire of the Sun, Jim throws a suitcase into the Yangtze, in a symbolic gesture of putting an end to the past and allowing objects indicative of his past life to float along the river, towards an unknown end. The suitcase was another example of a filmic device employed in this movie. Jim often refers to it and appears to treasure its contents as providing some form of proof of his existence prior to his being taken by the Japanese. For Jim, the suitcase represented a link between the frustration of life in the camp and the relative serenity of his past existence. In addition to the underlying themes presented in this movie, cinematic affects also constitute an important part of the films overall ambience and charisma. The image of Jim alone in a deserted house, in an area of Shanghai occupied by expatriate taipans, is important for character development, as well as the development of a level of empathy towards this character on the part of the viewer. Jims relative inability to care for himself, as well as his childish response of taking advantage of his parents absence through riding a bicycle inside the empty house, shows to the viewer something of his vulnerability and innocence. His mad obsession with aeroplanes, which had already been highlighted prior to his parents disappearance, draws even more attention to his innocence and childishness. The frequent repetition and return to themes already explored in the film highlights to the viewer something of the way characters develop in their changed environment. The scene of Jim riding his bicycle indoors is repeated towards the end of this text, as he rides through the deserted rooms of the Japanese war camp. The intention of this scene is perhaps slightly unclear. The director could be attempting to highlight Jims resilience in the face of change and hardship, or perhaps his ability to retain childhood despite the ordeals against which he has come. Jims obsession with aeroplanes is in no way diminished by his experience of the Japanese war camp. He still holds pilots, even from the Japanese forces, in high regard, and this is well emphasized through the inclusion of a mystic sequence, put to the music of Suo Gan. The sequence involves the depiction of a commissioning ceremony for kamikaze pilots. Jim, presumably moved by the solemnity and dignity of the ceremony, sings loudly. The use of camera angles in this sequence is original and successfully highlights to viewers the bizarre yet somehow touching significance of the sequence. The symbolism of the red setting sun as the kamikaze pilots fly towards the horizon could be seen as being indicative of the looming sunset on Japanese Imperialism. The mystic sequence comes abruptly to an end with an American air raid on the prison camp. The scenes of devastation which follow the air raid, and the exodus of former prisoners flooding from the camp towards a brighter future are well depicted in this film. The particularly memorable usage of camera angles so as to draw attention to the large number of ex-prisoners leaving the camp is successful. Another significant theme of this movie is the confused and sentimental encounter between a Japanese soldier who had befriended Jim during the war and Jim himself. The two meet in the derelict and devastated surrounds of the former prison camp. Now able to show their mutual respect for each other, the Japanese soldier draws his sword, with the intention of assisting Jim is slicing a fruit. Misinterpreting this gesture, the rather hasty and rash figure of Basie, an American who assists Jim during the war, draws his gun and shoots at the Japanese soldier, mortally wounding him. Jim, horrified by this event, attempts to resuscitate the dead Japanese prison guard, whilst repeating I can bring everyone back in a fatigued yet compulsive manner. Throughout the movie one aspect, which could perhaps be improved, is that of dialogue and inter-character relations. Speech between characters is sometimes awkward and incredible. The relations between Basie, Frank and Jim are at times frustratingly badly constructed. At times Jim acts too foolishly and childishly for someone of his age, and this is particularly apparent through his loud outburst upon seeing B51 aeroplanes during an air raid on the prison camp in which he is detained. Mrs. Victor and her partner are sometimes too cold and sterile to be believed, especially as one considers the hardship and adversity faced by these two figures. Jims bizarre ability to be able to tame the anger of the Japanese guards is also hard to believe at times. Dialogue within the British community, as depicted in the commencing scenes of the movie, is well constructed and readily believable. Relations between Jim and his parents are very well depicted. Camera angle and music are especially well employed in the scenes of street life in Shanghai, as well as at the costume party attended by Jamies parents. Filmic devices are, for the most part, well suited for transmitting important themes and successful in achieving a high level of empathy between viewers and characters. In conclusion, director Steven Spielberg successfully uses images, sound, music and dialogue to develop the story line of the film and to create a believable and human atmosphere in this movie.

Iclude 2 in-text citations and place the reference on the reference Essay

Iclude 2 in-text citations and place the reference on the reference page - Essay Example the company launches in the market having many variations, Samsung is confident that their customers will never run out of choices in terms of the products that will truly satisfy their needs and preferences. Samsung has a wide variety of businesses including advanced technology, semiconductors, skyscraper and plant construction, petrochemicals, fashion, medicine, finance, and hotels (Samsung, 2012). The impact of new competition on Samsung’s financial performance is more of a negative one. This is because the new competitors have only forced the company to spend more in order to produce more differentiated products and keep up with the intense competition. Unfortunately, the new competitors of Samsung especially from China have been able to establish a strong presence in the markets, which has contributed to the decline in the sales of Samsung’s products and a decline in profitability (Siegel, 2009). The negative impacts of the recent economic crisis do not help Samsung at all, as majority of the consumers have decided to spend less and save more. Thus, it is safe to say that Samsung has really become troubled by the emergence of new competitors and the threats that they continue to pose to the financial profitability of the company. A new marketing strategy that Samsung should consider in reaction to new Chinese competition is one that will highlight the excellent quality and significant value of its products. It is important for Samsung to emphasize on its marketing strategy that not one of their competitors can be able to match the superior quality and value that their products are able to provide. This should help in gaining the trust and confidence of the consumers to try Samsung products and personally experience their benefits. Aside from this, Samsung has to be willing to spend for advertisements as a form of a marketing strategy, which will help to inform the public about the superior quality and value that their products are able to provide (Grant,

Endangered species Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Endangered species - Research Paper Example In United States, the endangered species Act remains domineering in protecting and preventing extinction of endangered animals and plants within the earth and sea. While implementation and realization of recovery plans including endangered species Act polices administered by Fish and wildlife service, as an agency remains extremely expensive and effectual to the economy, it has greater benefits. Recovery and prevention of endangered species have greater significant benefits including maintenance and sustainability of the ecosystem when compared to protection of individual property rights. Ecological balance requires collective involvement of animals and plants, a condition that eliminates individual rights. It is imperious to note that protecting and efficient recovery remains authoritative in preserving societal cultural values besides mutual scientific and economic values. Moreover, recovery policies including endangered species have remained indispensable in preserving the most precious fisheries, plants, and animals that faced extinction threats in America. The most significant animals that faced extinction and have successfully been recovered from the danger includes California tiger salamander, black-footed ferret, delta smelt, salt-marsh harvest mouse, alameda whipsnake, San joaquin kit fox, and many others (EPA, 2014). Preservation and recovery of the animals have remained essential in preserving Californian cultural heritage for instance besides contribution to overall economic growth through tourism, and supplementing educational studies. There exists great interdependence in nature consisting of a mutual benefit link between plants and animals. The interdependence system remains fundamental when there exists variety of plants and animals in ensuring ecological balance and maintenance. For instance, nitrogen cycle remains as the most significant bio-system that links a relationship in nature

Computational Fluid Dynamic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Computational Fluid Dynamic - Assignment Example It can be used by architects to produce 3D models of their buildings, by engineers to model the production of their outputs and also by designers to improve the aerodynamics of the cars. a. Please list the governing equations of fire simulation and explain the physical meaning of each equation. To solve the equations, do we need to consider boundary conditions? Give three typical boundary condition examples. b. Explain the reasons why CFD codes are written in low speed solver and high speed solvers. A student is simulating an object flying at a velocity of 290m/s in the air using FDS6. Can this student obtain acceptable results and why? (7 marks) The reason why CFD codes are written in low speed solvers and high speed solvers is because the simulation and analysis of the of the flow models is dependent on a number of factors which include the geometry of the model, the size, the velocity and the mesh size of the model. FDS6 solver cannot be used to simulate an object flying at a velocity of 290m/s in the air since this is a relatively high speed and the FDS6 solver is only designed for low speeds making it unsuitable. c. What is background pressure used in FDS? Can different rooms have different background pressures? Please explain using a formula and define two pressure zones using FDS input instructions. (6 marks) The background pressure component can be said to be the background pressure component that is assumed to be applied to the whole domain of computation. A single department assumption was made in the old versions of FDS while new versions of FDS5 make the assumption that the background pressure of the whole system is not the same throughout the whole computational domain but it rather differs from one compartment to the other (Ferziger and Peric, 2006). The value of the pressure can be estimated by decomposing the above equation into perturbation and the background pressure. If one of the volumes of the computational domain is

Bowman’s strategy clock

Bowman’s strategy clock Executive summary The rationale of a chosen topic Tesco is because it is a top UK supermarkets since 1995.Tesco has shown considerable increase in the market and is been rewarded for its performance. In our evaluation of business environment of Tesco in past 5 years we have come to know that it is constantly making improvement in all environmental factors. By doing this models like Porters Five Force Rule, Pest Analysis, SWOT analysis we come to know why Tesco is UKs top supermarket by being focused differentiator. We have explained the successful strategy of Tesco by linking it with Bowmans Strategy Clock which helps us to know the strategy followed by Tesco over the years. Our evaluation on Tesco includes the statistic that proves why Tesco is the Best supermarket in the UK. Our statistic proves the number of customer increase of customers turning in Tesco in previous years. In our conclusion we have showed all this points of Tescos successful strategy and always trying to do something innovative to keep their customer focus because of the changing needs of customers in different cultural environments. Introduction The founder of Tesco was Jack Cohen, he managed to gain a profit of  £1 and sales of  £4 on the day he started with Tesco. Tesco is ranked third in world for largest grocery retailer, with its operations in more than 14 countries. The name Tesco had appeared first in 1924, and its first shop was opened in London. This strategy made them successful and is now the topmost Supermarket in UK. Tesco apart from being one of the largest retailers for food have also embraced the non food products and expanding on household goods, toiletries, electrical items, clothing etc. Strategy of Tesco is to focus on its customers. www.tescoplc.com, (2010) [online] Business environment: Business Environment is the total of all things external to business firms and industries which affect their organisation and operations. (B. Wheeler, 1968) The Environment is anything outside an organisation which may affect organisations present or future activities, thus the Environment is situational and it is unique to each organisation. (J. Kew, J. Stredwick, 2005) Changes that occur within a company are called as internal factors and changes outside the company are called as external factors. This affects the objectives and strategies of the company. PEST Importance The pest analysis tool helps us to understand the growth or decline of the market. It also helps to know about its position, potential and direction of the business. It is basically a business measurement tool. It consists of four main factors they are political, economic, social, technological. Pestle analysis of Tesco Pestle does consist of following factors such as political, economic, social, technology, environmental and legal. Political Political factors of any company has some government instruction and legal formalities and it also defines formal and informal rules. www.quickmba.com, (2010) [Online] The main problem Tesco is facing is recession that is directly affecting Tesco and all other retailers throughout the globe. Because of recession all the countries have to face huge number unemployment but Tesco been the fastest growing retailer might help in reducing the huge amount of unemployment. With the emergence of Tesco in recent years as a grocery retailer has kept them on the list of (OFT) Office of Fair Trading but it is using its strong position in agricultural market. The effect of the public regarding a supermarket in the town centre has grown a future problem in the policies. In order to gain momentum, the community organisation have ignored competition by starting and getting help from its neighbours to boycott other markets and large manufacturers provides support to smaller instead of huge supermarkets like our because of the expenses. After receiving the proposal from European commission regarding selling of goods at a lower price has been cut down this will affect this supermarkets which provide goods at a cheap rate in order to maintain the supremacy. Economic Environment Business Organisations operate in an economic environment which shapes, and is shaped by, their activities. In Market based economies this environment comprises variables which are dynamic, interactive and mobile and which, in part are affected by government in pursuit of its various roles in the Economy. C.Britton, I. Worthington, (2006) These factors are those which reduce the buyers capacity to purchase and also cost on capital. www.quickmba.com, (2010) [Online] The food retail market in UK is quite mature and highly competitive in which Tesco is the largest food sale retailer. Due to recession the food sectors in UK market has been badly affected and the inflation rate has gone negative. There is an increase in globalisation because the domestic market are been saturated and have the desire for their growth through self start, acquisition, franchising and merger. Because of scarcity of land, that is been compounded by the government legislation on the facility of town shopping has made difficult like supermarkets like Tesco to expand their location. Social Environment The social environment handles the graphical and cultural nature of external environment. Which contain of customer needs and size of potential needs. www.quickmba.com, (2010) [Online] The changing lifestyle of the consumers, their trends, their buying patterns and the opinion about the product after the use of the products are the main events that influence the buying trends of the customers in Europe and different countries. Thus Tesco needs to always try to understand what are changing needs of the customers. There is a considerable increase of young professional in the eastern European regions that have the changing trends. Thus Tesco and other retailers need to understand the customer opinion. Therefore the new products which the company wants to develop can be done by keeping a single persons view. The targets of Tesco as said in 2007 are to save carbon emission from all the new stores. Tesco did not only save carbon emissions in their own existing stores but also to distribute in different centres worldwide till 20/20. In the same year the Tesco divided CO2E into the number of goods delivered throughout the world at the end of 2012. Tesco invested around 86 million pounds for saving energy on technology on its stores like energy lightening, wind turbines, efficient bakery Owens and CHP (Combine Heat and Power) and stopping the use of freeze doors. Tesco has provided healthy products to the customers in different ranges like fruit and vegetables. They have also improved in nutritional labelling which helps the public to eat healthier diets. Tesco involved 2.4 million people in Thailand for national aerobics competition in the year 2007 in the same year Czech Republic and Malaysia got people active to raise money for cancer research. Technological Environment Technological factors help us in reduce barriers of entry, influence outsourcing decisions and also help in reducing minimum efficient production level. In 2008 Tesco had build 3 energy efficient stores in the country for testing the new equipments and this idea had intent to rule out across the business. Their first store reduced energy consumption by 29% compared to the original size of Tesco store. In Swansea consumption rate was reduced to 36% and carbon footprints reducing at 50% from the standard size of the store. The Tesco stores have very efficient Owens, refrigerator and energized air conditioners. They use timber instead of steel in their stores in order to reduce embedded carbons. The Tesco is been focused and working hard in order to reduce carbon technology for achieving energy reduction targets for which they have invested more than 65 million pounds in year 2008. Environmental Environment The Tesco was successful in reusing all the plastic trays. These plastic trays were been used to replace cardboard boxes which were been adopted by all over the world in order for safety of products. Tesco was the first UK supermarket to introduce degradable plastic carrier bags. These plastic bags decompose within sixty days into CO2, H2O, mineral matter and bio mass unlike the other plastic carrier bags. The Tesco has also taken steps to ensure the health and safety for products likes fruits, Vegetables and salads. This management scheme was introduced by Tesco in 1992 which concentrates on standard like variety, size, shape, taste and shelf requirements. The nature scheme also involves pollution prevention, use of plant protection products like fertilizers and manures. Re-use and recycle of materials and also to improve the wild life. The Tesco does not test its non food product items on animals. The Tesco contributes 10000 pounds every year in funding replacement of animals which are kept in medical experimentations. This seeks to the end of animal points. Analysis Porters Five Forces: By using porters five forces we are going to investigate the threats of substitutes from supermarkets, the buying capability of purchasing groceries, buying capability of suppliers regarding groceries, last but not the least the buying power of customers. www.321books.co.uk, (2010) [online] Threat from Entry: The pressure exerted from new entry is less and the market entrant cannot get large market share quickly. They get a big setback of cost and in addition they have to cut price on product as well as increase output. With Tesco and other supermarket having an experience of more than 50 years in the business the entry point is very tough. But Tesco and other supermarkets have a very less threat of new entrants because their distribution channel is well established and whoever enters new faces this as their biggest problem. Power of buyer: Tesco is a very huge organisation and they are market disciplined, its other competitors are also disciplined in approach for setting price because of government regulation. The customers have the power to purchase their product from many suppliers but in this industry it is more economic to purchase from retailer instead of many. Power of suppliers: In supermarket industry Tesco has an extreme advantage to dictate the market cost they offer their suppliers; this is because incase they refuse to pay then suppliers have got no one to sell their products. Tesco as a giant retailer does not need a supplier because he has got option of many suppliers but suppliers cannot lose. Tesco who purchases their material in large quantity. Hence power of suppliers is not much in this retail industry. Threat of Substitute: The retail market industry like supermarket there has been a large amount of competitors which makes the rivalry even intense. This intense rivalry makes the substitution force very high. The substitution level is further enhanced with customers having option of switching from one to another supermarket according to their needs. This avenues Tesco to improve its quality and be able to differentiate from its competitors. www.ivythesis.typepad.com, (2010) [online] SWOT Analysis Strength, weakness, Threat and Opportunities Understanding thorough various business models, all companies need several business strategies to run their business in a smooth manner. They follow various methods to do so. One of the major is to analysis the strengths weakness of the company along with the opportunities it has and which may arise in future and the threats which they may face. Strengths Tesco had received the award of being the best Retailer of the year in 2008. Thus they can use as this as a marketing campaign in order for demographic base, helping them to maintain their goal of maintaining substantiality with market growth. Every other retailing market has shown a severe decline in performance growth except Tesco which has shown a considerable increase in sales which is about 13% in UK market and around 26% in International market. Tesco consists of reserve funds on credit couples and those can enjoy the income they get it from in order to increase their business. Weakness Due to the high credit card arrears Tesco had to face bad debts which affected their profit margins greatly. And also house hold insurance claim affected their profit margins further. In some areas Tesco does not have a specialist grocer retail outlet on some products whose advantage can be taken by small retailers. The cost of products is rising and the income of people is very low which can directly affect Tescos message of mid to high ticket price items. Opportunities: Tescos acquisition of doing whatever at any time can help them to explore their stores to Asia and most probably South Korea and also other international retail markets. Tesco is able to maintain its economies of scale because of their high buying power it is ranked 3rd as global grocer in the globe. Tesco has a scope of further enhancement in technological area and also its sales revenue is increased by  ¼ million in 2008. We will see a growth in use of technology as Tesco provides its customers with direct online shopping of products. This is going to be done by launching Pad for non food items at reasonable or huge margin intakes. Threats: The profit margin will be impacted as there is an increase in cost of food and non food products. The needs of the customers are always changing thus Tesco needs to look after their buying pattern and thus needs a good technology to know about it on daily basis. The economies of country like UK and USA have been badly affected which means they will have low income and this will distract them from their main strategic focus. And thus they will need to focus on lower priced based goods or products instead of high priced products. Also some of sources are changing its position to far most areas will affect the margin rate on this product. This in turn will be a loss in margin of sales for Tesco. And Tesco will always be threatened to lose its market position to Wall-mart who can able to provide same means of motive and actions as done by Tesco. Bowman strategy Clock: The Bowmans clock is a way to analyze competitive position of the markets as compared to other competitors. The first step is competitor analysis, the process of identifying, assessing and selecting the key competitors. The second step is developing competitive e marketing strategies that strongly position the company against competitors and give it the greatest possible competitive advantage. P.Kotler, et-al, (2008). There are eight options: Low Price: Tesco being the market leader they have to keep their price on products very less which means low margin. Although Tesco have a low price for all its products but it does focus more on customers then to focus on low pricing to attract customers which is been done aggressively by other competitors. Hybrid: Tesco has a very low price and does take up steps to reinvest in the low price factor and which is one of the reason of its Leadership. The Company make enough efforts to take care of the cycle of reinvestment. Differentiation: Tesco Differentiates itself with their main objective of low price offered to customers with an added value services provided as it keeps in mind the customers their main focus. Focused differentiation: The primary objective of Tesco is focusing their customers and to improve relation with them in order to maintain a good customer loyalty with them, in order to survive in such a high competitive market. The main Steering Wheel of Tesco is its performance in all areas of their business like financial sector, non-food products, telecommunications and new markets to spread their business. The following are some important points as follows: Focusing to be a successful international retailer: Tesco is not only focusing on UK market as their main target but they are also forward in exploring itself in International markets too. They are coming up with opening few outlets in china, Brazil and India as well. Provide customers best service: Tesco is always looking forward to provide a good customer service with added value to its customers in UK market as it being their main aim. They are very good in food as well as non food: Not only very good in non-food market but they are also very good in food market. With increasing demand of fast food products by consumers Tesco has a very good and large section of providing them their needs. Developing retail service: It has always focused on to keep on developing its service sectors for customer loyalty like Tesco Finance, Telecommunication. They have achieved the best retailer of the year Award in 2008 which shows its performance. Earning Customer Loyalty: Is their main aspect of improvement in years of its success. Their scheme of launching loyalty card for its members has given them great results. Its Club Cards have got more than ten million peoples which capture eighty-five percent sales weekly. Implementation of Club Card done by Tesco has increased by 52% in sales and is growing higher then industry average. From there multidimensional customer segmentation with tailored communication in last June shows the number of mails received by it from its customers on their local Grocers .The mailing is been tailored on needs, potential and interest of its Club Card members. Tesco has achieved floor space expansion by 150%. Tesco online transactions are boosted up to 500,000 weekly, with sales of around two billion pounds every year. Conclusion: After researching about the environment of Tesco we have come up with this opinion that the strategies adopted by company are paying off from them. The company is showing a constant graph of their sales and the yearly turnover made by the company. Although company is doing good and is still making profit in the retail market during this recession period but still they are facing few challenges which are been tackled by constant technological enhancements and supported by good strategy. The company is diversifying pretty fast in international market but they are also looking to improve on better customer satisfaction. They stand at number three in the world retail market and have 30% of market share with them. They also have launched a new range of cheaper products to stop deserting of shoppers. They provide shoppers with a discount on buying of more than two items. The most successful story of Tesco is there launch of club card which has encouraged customers to buy and maintain loyal ty. Bibliography: (B. Wheeler, 1968, Business, Harper co) (C. Britton, I. Worthington, 2006, Business Environment, Pearson Education.) (J. Kew, J. Stredwick, (2005), Business environment: Managing in strategic context, CIPD Publishing) (P. Kotler, et-al, (2008), Principles of marketing, Pearsons Education) www.businessteacher.org.uk, (2010) [online], Available from URL http://www.businessteacher.org.uk/business-resources/swot-analysis-database/tesco-swot-analysis/ [Accessed 15 March 2010] www.guardian.co.uk, (2010) [Online], Available from URL http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/jun/16/tesco-sales-losing-market-share [Accessed 5 March 2010] www.ivythesis.typepad.com, (2010) [Online], Available from URL http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/2009/09/porters-five-force-model.html [Accessed 17 March 2010] www.loyalty.vg, (2010) [Online], Available from URL http://www.loyalty.vg/pages/CRM/case_study_14_Tesco.htm [Accessed 15 March 2010] www.modelanswer.co.uk, (2010) [Online], Available from URL http://www.modelanswer.co.uk/business/help/pestle/tescos.php [Accessed 14 March 2010] www.marketingteacher.com, (2010) [Online], Available from URL http://www.marketingteacher.com/Lessons/lesson_bowman.htm [Accessed 19 April 2010] www.opapers.com, (2010) [online], Available from URL http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Pest-Tesco/127719?topic [Accessed 17 April 2010] www.tesco-gradutes.com, (2010) [online], Available from URL http://www.tesco-graduates.com/home/about/social-responsibility [Accessed 18 April 2010] www.tesco.com, (2010) [online], Available from URL http://www.tesco.com/csr/downloads/pdf6.pdf [Accessed 19 April 2010] www.tescoplc.com, (2010) [Online], Available from URL http://www.tescoplc.com/plc/about_us/strategy/ [Accessed 14 April 2010] www.tescoplc.com, (2010)[Online], Available from URL http://www.tescoplc.com/plc/about_us/strategy/community/ [Accessed 1 March 2010] www.tescoplc.com,(2010)[online] , Available from URL http://www.tescoplc.com/plc/ir/financials/fiveyearsummary [Accessed 13 March 2010] www.oppapers.com,(2010)[Online] , Available from URL http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Tesco/249648 [Accessed 14 April 2010] www.quickmba.com, (2010)[Online], Available from URL http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/pest/ [Accessed 15 March 2010]

Vietnam War Impact on New Zealand

The Vietnam War had several social effects in New Zealand. The New Zealand publics’ opinion was polarized due to New Zealand’s involvement in the war, and public debate was generated over New Zealand’s foreign policy in particular how it relied on an alliance-based security. An anti-war movement developed in New Zealand, who disagreed with the strategy of forward defense. They also questioned the validity of the domino theory, and thought communism in south-East Asia did not in any way threaten New Zealand.The members of the anti-war movement also condemned the western intervention in Vietnam; they argued that they should not support a corrupt regime such as Ngo Dinh Diem, that it was immoral. The anti-war activists urged the New Zealand government to get a more independent foreign policy, instead of being submissive to the American government. The anti-war movement grew steadily, by the 1970s mobilizations that involved thousands of New Zealanders marching to pr otest the war where occurring in cities all over New Zealand.Young and highly educated New Zealanders made up a most of the anti-war war movement, which was also supported by church groups, students, and growing numbers of the public. This was a large social effect the Vietnam war had on New Zealand as it meant people where coming together to protest the war, and it caused New Zealanders to be more aware of politics and become more politically involved. The Vietnam War also had large political impacts in New Zealand.While New Zealand troops where in Vietnam the political ideas of National and labor towards the war became markedly different. Initially both parties supported sending troops, national publically stating New Zealand had a duty to support its ally, but as the war continued Labor began to adopt the ideas of the anti-war movement. From 1969 labor promised if they were elected New Zealand troops would be withdrawn from Vietnam. Labor supported a more independent foreign poli cy, which would reflect New Zealand as a small multicultural country situated in the south pacific.Labor hoped it would be able to achieve this and keep New Zealand in its alliances. National however remained committed to an alliance based foreign policy, arguing a small country such as New Zealand had to rely and co-operate on powerful allies. New Zealand’s involvement in the Vietnam War lead to the end of the earlier Bipartisan cold war consensus between National and Labor on foreign policy, marking it a significant turning point in the development of a new direction for New Zealand’s foreign policy.The Vietnam War had both long term impacts on the New Zealand soldiers involved and more immediate impacts. A more immediate impact was while in Vietnam New Zealand soldiers were put under a lot of stress. The Viet Cong were an â€Å"invisible enemy† who fought using guerilla tactics. New Zealand soldiers also patrolled in silence, using hand gestures to communicat e, so as to not reveal their position to the enemy. This meant the soldiers did not know where the Viet Cong were, and knew they could appear at any moment.This would have frightened the soldiers and put more stress on them, as they were never sure when they would run into the Viet Cong, knowing that each time they went round a corner they could run into the Viet Cong. Veterans recall â€Å"endless fear, tension and adrenalin. † during their time in Vietnam. Some of the missions New Zealand soldiers were required to go on resulted in the deaths of Vietnamese women and children, many soldiers suffered psychological damage as a result of seeing the bodies and realizing who they had killed.Upon returning home soldiers faced hostility from the public, who described them as â€Å"war-mongers† and â€Å"baby-killers. † This had an emotional effect on soldiers, who had been an expecting a hero’s welcome, many where surprised and hurt by the public’s react ion. This was one of the factors that caused veterans to think of themselves as â€Å" cynical† and â€Å"distrusting. † New Zealand soldiers also suffered from long term affects from the Vietnam war, in particular many suffered from exposure to the defoliant agent orange.Agent Orange was a dangerous toxin used by the US to kill the foliage the Viet Cong hid in. it was sprayed by air and by hand. Zone three, where New Zealand soldiers were serving had over 20 million liters of Agent Orange sprayed on it, more than the other zones got combined. Exposure to Agent Orange caused high rates of cancers such as liver, Non-Hodgkins lymphoma and lung cancer among veterans, around 30 to 40 years after they left. Agent Orange also had an intergenerational impact, affecting the veteran’s children.After the war many of their wives had still or premature births. One soldier’s wife had seven miscarriages. Agent Orange caused genetic mutations to occur; the women who did manage to have kids gave birth to children with deformities and disabilities. Initially the New Zealand government refused to acknowledge the effects of Agent Orange, and would not give recognition of the harm that had been done to New Zealand soldiers. However after incontrovertible proof was provided to a governments select comity it was officially agreed that New Zealand soldiers had been put at risk.

Deception Point Page 39

â€Å"My source is not your concern. But if you spend some time studying these figures, you will clearly see that Senator Sexton does not have the kind of money he is currently spending. After Katherine died, he squandered the vast majority of her legacy on bad investments, personal comforts, and buying himself what appears to be certain victory in the primaries. As of six months ago, your candidate was broke.† Gabrielle sensed this had to be a bluff. If Sexton were broke, he sure wasn't acting it. He was buying advertising time in bigger and bigger blocks every week. â€Å"Your candidate,† Tench continued, â€Å"is currently outspending the President four to one. And he has no personal money.† â€Å"We get a lot of donations.† â€Å"Yes, some of them legal.† Gabrielle's head shot up. â€Å"I beg your pardon?† Tench leaned across the desk, and Gabrielle could smell her nicotine breath. â€Å"Gabrielle Ashe, I am going to ask you a question, and I suggest you think very carefully before you answer. It could affect whether you spend the next few years in jail or not. Are you aware that Senator Sexton is accepting enormous illegal campaign bribes from aerospace companies who have billions to gain from the privatization of NASA?† Gabrielle stared. â€Å"That's an absurd allegation!† â€Å"Are you saying you are unaware of this activity?† â€Å"I think I would know if the senator were accepting bribes of the magnitude you are suggesting.† Tench smiled coldly. â€Å"Gabrielle, I understand that Senator Sexton has shared a lot of himself with you, but I assure you there is plenty you do not know about the man.† Gabrielle stood up. â€Å"This meeting is over.† â€Å"On the contrary,† Tench said, removing the remaining contents of the folder and spreading it on the desk. â€Å"This meeting is just beginning.† 44 Inside the habisphere's â€Å"staging room,† Rachel Sexton felt like an astronaut as she slid into one of NASA's Mark IX microclimate survival suits. The black, one-piece, hooded jumpsuit resembled an inflatable scuba suit. Its two-ply, memory-foam fabric was fitted with hollow channels through which a dense gel was pumped to help the wearer regulate body temperature in both hot and cold environments. Now, as Rachel pulled the tight-fitting hood over her head, her eyes fell on the NASA administrator. He appeared as a silent sentinel at the door, clearly displeased with the necessity for this little mission. Norah Mangor was muttering obscenities as she got everyone outfitted. â€Å"Here's an extra pudgy,† she said, tossing Corky his suit. Tolland was already half into his. Once Rachel was fully zipped up, Norah found the stopcock on Rachel's side and connected her to an infusion tube that coiled out of a silver canister resembling a large scuba tank. â€Å"Inhale,† Norah said, opening the valve. Rachel heard a hiss and felt gel being injected into the suit. The memory foam expanded, and the suit compressed around her, pressing down on her inner layer of clothing. The sensation reminded her of sticking her hand underwater while wearing a rubber glove. As the hood inflated around her head, it pressed in on her ears, making everything sound muffled. I'm in a cocoon. â€Å"Best thing about the Mark IX,† Norah said, â€Å"is the padding. You can fall on your ass and not feel a thing.† Rachel believed it. She felt like she was trapped inside a mattress. Norah handed Rachel a series of tools-an ice ax, tether snaps, and carabiners, which she affixed to the belt harnessed on Rachel's waist. â€Å"All this?† Rachel asked, eyeing the gear. â€Å"To go two hundred yards?† Norah's eyes narrowed. â€Å"You want to come or not?† Tolland gave Rachel a reassuring nod. â€Å"Norah's just being careful.† Corky connected to the infusion tank and inflated his suit, looking amused. â€Å"I feel like I'm wearing a giant condom.† Norah gave a disgusted groan. â€Å"Like you'd know, virgin boy.† Tolland sat down next to Rachel. He gave her a weak smile as she donned her heavy boots and crampons. â€Å"You sure you want to come?† His eyes had a protective concern that drew her in. Rachel hoped her confident nod belied her growing trepidation. Two hundred yards†¦ not far at all. â€Å"And you thought you could find excitement only on the high seas.† Tolland chuckled, talking as he attached his own crampons. â€Å"I've decided I like liquid water much better than this frozen stuff.† â€Å"I've never been a big fan of either,† Rachel said. â€Å"I fell through the ice as a kid. Water's made me nervous ever since.† Tolland glanced over, his eyes sympathetic. â€Å"Sorry to hear that. When this is over, you'll have to come out and visit me on the Goya. I'll change your mind about water. Promise.† The invitation surprised her. The Goya was Tolland's research ship-well-known both from its role in Amazing Seas as well as its reputation as one of the strangest-looking ships on the ocean. Although a visit to the Goya would be unnerving for Rachel, she knew it would be hard to pass up. â€Å"She's anchored twelve miles off the coast of New Jersey at the moment,† Tolland said, struggling with his crampon latches. â€Å"Sounds like an unlikely spot.† â€Å"Not at all. The Atlantic seaboard is an incredible place. We were gearing up to shoot a new documentary when I was so rudely interrupted by the President.† Rachel laughed. â€Å"Shooting a documentary on what?† â€Å"Sphyrna mokarran and megaplumes.† Rachel frowned. â€Å"Glad I asked.† Tolland finished attaching his crampons and looked up. â€Å"Seriously, I'll be filming out there for a couple weeks. Washington's not that far from the Jersey coast. Come out when you get back home. No reason to spend your life afraid of the water. My crew would roll out the red carpet for you.† Norah Mangor's voice blared. â€Å"Are we going outside, or should I get you two some candles and champagne?† 45 Gabrielle Ashe had no idea what to make of the documents now spread out before her on Marjorie Tench's desk. The pile included photocopied letters, faxes, transcripts of phone conversations, and they all seemed to support the allegation that Senator Sexton was in covert dialogue with private space companies. Tench pushed a couple of grainy black-and-white photographs toward Gabrielle. â€Å"I assume this is news to you?† Gabrielle looked at the photos. The first candid shot showed Senator Sexton getting out of a taxi in some kind of underground garage. Sexton never takes taxis. Gabrielle looked at the second shot-a telephoto of Sexton climbing into a parked white minivan. An old man appeared to be in the van waiting for him. â€Å"Who is that?† Gabrielle said, suspicious the photos might be faked. â€Å"A big shot from the SFF.† Gabrielle was doubtful. â€Å"The Space Frontier Foundation?† The SFF was like a â€Å"union† for private space companies. It represented aerospace contractors, entrepreneurs, venture capitalists-any private entity that wanted to go into space. They tended to be critical of NASA, arguing that the U.S. space program employed unfair business practices to prevent private companies from launching missions into space. â€Å"The SFF,† Tench said, â€Å"now represents over a hundred major corporations, some very wealthy enterprises who are waiting eagerly for the Space Commercialization Promotions Act to be ratified.† Gabrielle considered it. For obvious reasons the SFF was a vocal supporter of Sexton's campaign, although the senator had been careful not to get too close to them because of their controversial lobbying tactics. Recently the SFF had published an explosive rant charging that NASA was in fact an â€Å"illegal monopoly† whose ability to operate at a loss and still stay in business represented unfair competition to private firms. According to the SFF, whenever AT T needed a telecomm satellite launched, several private space companies offered to do the job at a reasonable $50 million. Unfortunately, NASA always stepped in and offered to launch AT T's satellites for a mere twenty-five million, even though it cost NASA five times that to do the job! Operating at a loss is one way NASA keeps its grip on space, the SFF lawyers accused. And taxpayers pick up the tab.

Polio essays

Polio essays Before the development of the Salk and Sabin vaccines, polio was a serious infection that affected the central nervous system; however with proper vaccinations it can be eradicated in the United States today. There are different kinds of polio. They include spinal polio, non-paralytic form, and paralytic polio. Spinal polio is the most common form that occurs when polio viruses attack nerve cells and control the muscles of the legs, arms, trunk, diaphragm, abdomen, and pelvis. Stiffness in the neck and back also may develop. (World Book Encyclopedia) Non-paralytic form of polio has many symptoms. It is accompanied by nausea, headache, sore throat, back pain, neck pain, and stiffness. There are changes in reflex and elevated spinal fluid count. About sixty-five percent of known cases during the outbreak of polio were non-paralytic. Paralytic polio only has a few minor symptoms, but it has weakness in one or more muscle groups. (Polio Fact Sheet) There are three viruses that can cause polio, type I, II, III. They grow in living cells and get in the body through the nose and mouth, and then it is carried to the intestines. Poliomyelitis has several symptoms. Some of the most severe are paralysis, fever, stiff neck, nausea, and weakness in the muscle groups. (Diseases, 106) Post-Polio Syndrome is also a symptom and a late side effect of polio. Survivors of the Post-Polio Syndrome experience joint pain, muscular atrophy, fewer nerves, and they become weaker at a faster rate. (Dempsey, 2) Polio vaccines give life long immunity by two ways, by immunization and natural infection with the virus. (Polio Vaccines) There are two vaccines: the oral polio vaccine and the inactivated polio vaccine. The oral polio vaccine was invented by Albert Sabin in 1961. (Polio Vaccines) It is a weakened, live virus, which can be taken orally. This vaccine produces antibodies in the blood to fight the virus. ...

buy custom Ode to a Nightingale essay

buy custom Ode to a Nightingale essay The poem Ode to a Nightingale, by the poet John Keats with the other odes, is some of the most important achievements of his poetic history. These odes collectively put forward the ideal of romance and eternal love. The poem in particular is significant as it discusses the immortality of nature with the beauty of its creation, but it tries to reject the optimistic pursuit of pleasures that are found in other Keats poems. It is analyzed with reference to the ode in this article. Keats was one of the most popular poets of the early nineteenth century. He is responsible for the development of the Romanticism, which was a movement that espoused the sanctity of emotion and imagination, and privileged the beauty of the natural world. Many of ideas and themes evident in Keatss great odes are quintessentially Romantic concerns: the beauty of nature, the relation between imagination and creativity, the response of passions to beauty and sufferings, and the transience of human life in time p 8. Ode to a Nightingale was one of the most popular odes of John Keats considering he had written other very popular and well developed odes. The choice of a nightingale can be questioned, but the answer to that is a Greek legend which explains the evolution of the nightingale as a bird and how it is supposed to have a magical voice. Keats is considered an important patron of the Romanticism especially in Britain. If this is true, then this certainly is his masterpiece (Leeds 19). The poem Ode to a Nightingale gives the descriptions of series between reality and romantic ideal for union of nature. It is the existence of struggle between the real and ideal that have the antithesis of pain and pleasure. It is the sense of fulfilling the imagination and the fullness the performance change in humans and nature. He is addressing the nightingale in a forest as being an object of empathy and praise in the poem where it gets its name, Ode to a Nightingale. He is not envious of the nightingales happiness but is glad to share it with her. The discussion does not concern the bird and its song but the experience of humans, as the song signifies the complex image which is being formed by the interaction of voices of praise and empathy. There is a connection of the song to the music produced by the urn in Ode on a Grecian urn that was connected to the sculpture art. Thus, the nightingale has the representation of presence that is enchanting, which has a direct connection tom nature unlike in the urn. The natural beauty is lacking in the song as there is no true message, as he follows the belief of Coleridge by losing himself in the separation of the worl from the song. The previous depictions in the poem had the melancholic feels that is lacking in this happy songbird, which is the only voice in the poem. There is the highlight of desire for alcohol, and the speaker wants to get drunk and enjoy like the nightingale. The nightingales voice has the power of compelling the narrator in joining the song so that he forgets the world and its sorrow, but there is the guilt in regard to the toms and his brother death as held by the narrator (Leeds 19). Three is the representation to give up the troubles and problems associated with the human life to disappear from the world to the fantasy realm. He wants them to fade away so that he can enjoy and be like the nightingale, carefree and singing. The speaker detests the lack of permanent happiness as there is the idea of mortality associated with the human life depicted in phrases such as, youth grows pale, and specter-thin, and dies, and beauty cannot keep her lustrous eyes. There is the narrators abandoning of his sense so that he can embrace the song by sharing darkness with it. The narrator is left wondering whether it was real vision or just a dream as he was left broken after the song ended. The poem is relying on the sleeping process that is always common to his poems as there is the sharing of themes. The nightingale is depicted to be mysterious with its disappearing at the end of the poem. It is the elusiveness the poem tries to emphasize in the dream image as the elements in the poem does not complete the nightingale and the self identification allowing only the self awareness. The poem has splits with the first trying to identify the bird, and the song and the other is the convergence of past with the present with the present experiences. This is the reminder of the progress of human and how the development of man is from the experience of wanting pleasure only for him to understand that pleasure and pain are mixtures of truth. The nightingale fly away, and the speaker fly with it in a drunk manner but through the poetry. He wants to glide away from the trouble of the human life and experience happiness of nature like the nightingale experiences. This are the moments of pleasure that do overwhelm an individual like drug with a short lasting experience of pleasure as the narrator is depicted as being left without pleasure as the body has the desire for it. Thus, the narrator has to hide in the poem because of loss of pleasure and does not want to embrace the truth. The pleasure asked by the narrator is not brought, but it is only liberating him from the des ires of pleasure. The fifth and sixth stanzas pay specific attention to this aspect of natures beauty and how it is fascinating forr the speaker. There is the progression of association that makes the feeling movements being at the mercy of the words that by chance were evoked. The acceptance to the loss of pleasure is the acceptance of life and later death as it is the constant theme of Keats poetry because of her exposure to it. Keats has been extremely popular for his odes and their multiple themes via these odes. Ode to a Nightingale is one of a kind. The poets speaker is involved in the exploration of themes regarding the creative expression and mortality of human life. Ode to a Nightingale seems to enlighten the reader with the method of the transience of life. Human life is not eternal, and man seems to keep growing old till the point when he/she dies. This theme of pleasure loss and the inevitable death is thus describing the inadequate pleasure and romantic escape to the worlds of beauty from the real world. Changes in the levels of life and mortality are displeasing as the speaker life young and beautiful like the si nging of a nightingale. The poem is depicting that humans are in search of the mystery in the unsuccessful quest for its light in the darkness, that only lead to increase in darkness, thus; their recognition of how impossible the mystery is to the mortals. The pleasure and death incorporation gives the poem a darker environment that connects the other poems to the imagination of demonic nature. The poem focuses on the immortality of nature when compared to the mortality of mankind. However, even if Nature has creatures that die and mortal nature in its essence never dies but continues forever. The bird has no consciousness as man has and, therefore, the nightingale is part of the nature and merges in its essence. This is the very aspect which causes the speaker to label the nightingale as immortal. The bird is certainly part of the nature of immortality. This is because the bird is not in conflict with its surrounding but merges in it. This is what is very different in mankind. The contrast that is made between the immortal bird and the mortal human has been made more acute by the imaginations effort which the poet has been eager to highlight John Keats has written a whole series of odes but what makes this one unique is the contrast between Nature and man. This stresses upon the Romanticism much effectively as for Nature there is no end, and it is immortal. Mankind in the other hand is restricted and with the competition they have and the lack of reconciliation makes a man a mortal being. Man can never compare himself with the greatness of Nature (Shmoop p10). Nonetheless , the Ode to a Nightingale is a well expressed love for Nature and John Keatss message is very clear for the reader. This is a very epic ode appreciated by critics. Buy custom "Ode to a Nightingale" essay

Probability Assignment Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Probability Assignment - Speech or Presentation Example Since the committee consists of 3 members, there are 3! possible permutations of any committee. Thus, we need to divide the number of permutations by 6 to get the number of combinations: When a coin is tossed once, there are two outcomes. It can turn up a head or a tail. When 10 coins are tossed simultaneously, the total number of outcomes = 210. In this event, if the third coin were to turn up a head, then the number of possibilities for the third coin is only 1 as the outcome is fixed as head. Therefore, the remaining 9 coins can turn up either a head or a tail equals 29. The first envelope can be posted in any of the 3 mailboxes. Hence, there are 3 choices for it. Similarly, each of the other four envelopes can be posted in any of the 3 mailboxes. Therefore, the total number of ways these 5 envelopes can be posted in the 3 mailboxes is 3*3*3*3*3 =

Book Review of Eisenhower Lessons in Leadership Essay

Book Review of Eisenhower Lessons in Leadership - Essay Example He examines his shortcomings as well as successes in a manner that appreciates one's environmental situation. The author reveals that Eisenhower was a great executive who could write assurance letters to mother of soldiers in one moment, apart from being a great military leader. He would also make decisions that would influence millions of people. 2The author presents General Dwight David Eisenhower as a wise strategist and an expert in organization. He was a supreme commander of United States allied forces during World War II. General Eisenhower commanded more than four million soldiers drawn from five different nations. His role resembled that of a top manager in an organization. He played crucial role in directing all military operations in Europe. He successfully planned operation attacks and organized allied troops efforts, which yielded victory. Axelrod applies Eisenhower thinking to the management of organizations, projects, or even people in a series of 232 lessons. This long list is more than what average reader can absorb. It could have been easier to understand the lessons if they were prioritized. Axelrod should have highlighted a list of the most important lesson. However, to make this lesson easy to understand, Axelrod has revealed ten characteristics of a good leader. These characteristics are universal and can be applied in any other organization other than military. Axelrod impresses me by how he brings out a point that illustrates the mode of application of such strategies in politics and for the good of the business world. Axelrod puts Eisenhower’s word into a context that helps the reader out of an exorbitant situation she/he is. I could say that the value of this book is not outlining the principles of leadership that seem significant. The real value is to understand how Eisenhower expresses himself to people who are hopeless, powerful, influential, insecure, and still strive to get the much-needed result. Such challenges paralyze mo st managers. Eisenhower knew how to plan and achieve objective he wants. He was an inspiration to others. He could get things done. One of the most important traits that the author presents about Eisenhower, is his magical ability to work with personality of all types. 3He managed to persuade one of the most temperamental military leaders such as United States army General George Patton, British field Marshall Bernard law Montgomery, and French leader General Charles de Gaulle. In his persuasion, he tried to put their difference aside and work as a team to achieve a common objective of military. His talent to inspire cooperation among allies in Europe was precisely what lacked. The military alliance was unexpected in that it constituted of nations with different ideologies, altitudes, and histories. Bringing the military leaders of this nation to defeat Hitler was truly a huge diplomatic and management challenge4. However, analysis on how he was able to do all this is missing. One w ould expect something little more in depth especially on building a team, converting conflict into common cause and liberation of Europe. The biggest leadership challenge is not knowing what ought to be done in order to attain efficiency. For instance, Eisenhower had to restrict the outspoken George Patton5. In one of the letters he wrote him, he acknowledged that there was no one else of his acquaintance that he would write so

DOUBLE REPLACEMENT AND REACTION Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DOUBLE REPLACEMENT AND REACTION - Assignment Example The balanced equation for the reaction is: Ba(OH)2+2HNO3→Ba(NO3)2+2HOH (c)No. The reaction between Copper (II) Sulphate and Zinc Bromide would not complete. This is because Zinc ions in the solution will react with the Sulphate ions to form Zinc Sulphate which is insoluble in nature .The formation of this precipitate then indicates that the whole reaction is not complete. (d)Yes. The reaction between Sodium Carbonate and Hydrochloric acid will complete because the acid in the reaction is a strong acid meaning that it will react to dissociate completely into hydroxyl ions. This then indicates that the reaction is complete. The equation for this reaction is given as: Na2CO3+2HCI→2NaCl+H2CO3 (e)Yes. The reaction between Barium Chloride and Sulphuric acid will complete because the sulphuric acid is a strong acid and hence it will dissociate completely in the solution to form hydroxyl ions. Due to the completeness of this dissociation, the whole reaction is said to be complete. The equation for the reaction is given as:

Economic Development Programs Essay Example for Free

Economic Development Programs Essay Within my community, there are several development programs which have been established for the purposes of making the community more directly participative in economic development. Such programs include agricultural development programs, business development programs as well as higher education economic development programs. These programs will be addressed in this paper, with specific attention to the key actors/players in the programs, the short and long term goals of these programs, and also the political and economic issues they face in the process of promoting economic development in the region. Agricultural finance programs To begin with, there are special loan programs for new ranchers and farmers in this region, the most infamous one being the Aggie Bond Beginning Farmer Loan Programs. Through Aggie Board Loan Programs, the state helps the newly established farmers in the region to obtain loans for purchasing land and equipments, for breeding farm animals and for the construction of farm buildings (NCOSAFP, 2010). The main players/actors in Aggie Bond Program include the lending institutions (which are in collaboration with the state administration), state administration itself—playing the role of assisting beginner farmers and ranchers to obtain low rate interest loans which are exempt from federal income tax—and the ranchers/farmers who participate in the program. The federal government is also indirectly involved in these programs since it is the one that facilitates the provision of tax exemption on the interest income. Besides obtaining loans at reduced interest rates, the financial risks on loans solely rest with the lending institutions which have established for these purposes (NCOSAFP, 2010). The short term goals of Aggie Bond Programs are to act as the capital base for individuals or partnerships within the state who desire to engage in ranching, farming or both, but lack adequate financial resources to do so (NCOSAFP, 2010). In so doing, they provide all the necessary financial resources to individuals and transfer the credit decisions to the lending institutions. On the other hand, the long term goal of Aggie Board Programs is to facilitate economic growth and development within the state and the nation at large, through optimum utilization of the agricultural resources within the state and taking advantage of the tax-exempt provisions by the federal government. The program also aims at encouraging the spirit of entrepreneurship within the state through assisting potential entrepreneurs in the agricultural sector to unleash their potential (NCOSAFP, 2010). The key economic problem that the actors in these programs face is mostly the failure of the farmers to repay loans granted due to unproductive farm activities or catastrophes which damage the farming/ ranching establishmentespecially nature catastrophes (NCOSAFP, 2010). This becomes a setback all the players involved because the farmers undergoes serious financial losses, the lender incurs bad debts, the state and the federal government loses the potential economic contribution from the entrepreneur. Political issues on the other hand arise from the Aggie bond allocations and apportionments among the lending bodies. For instance, after a serious debate on the farm bill, the maximum bond allocation was increased from $469 200 in 2009 to 470,100 this year and the actors have been involved in political discussions regarding the meager increments and how it would be equally apportioned to the lending institutions (NCOSAFP, 2010). Business financing programs The other type of economic development programs are the business financing development programs. These programs are so closely related to the Aggie Bond Programs in that they offer loans for many kinds of business businessmen in the state. However, there is a slight different from the one discussed above because this program finances both established as well as new business-people in the industry. For the new entrants, capital is provided while for the already existing business people, the required funds for activities such as expansion and boosting for those experiencing serious financial traps is availed (OK Commerce, 2010). The actors in these programs are established lending institutions and the business community. They include; Economic Development Administration, the Bureau Of Indian Affairs Loan Guaranty Fund, The Industrial Finance Authority, Capital Access Program, and the Linked Deposit Loan Programs. The short term goals of these programs is to provide short term business financing to the business community to solve short term cash problems, while the long term goals are to offer long term low interest loans to major business persons/ institutions to solve serious and long range financial issues (OK Commerce, 2010). Mostly, these programs do not face much political issues as compared to the economic issues which are tied to the unsecured loans and competition. While the unsecured loans may sometimes compel the lending institution to file cases in the legal system against errant and faulting business people, the competition from other existing lending institutions makes them too congested in the estate (OK Commerce, 2010). Higher education programs The state also has a Higher Education Economic Development Program. This program is designed in such way as to generate partnerships between businesses and higher education institutions within the state in order to nurture higher learning via State Regents’ Economic Development Grants. Nominations are made from the institutions and assessed by State Regents’ staff committee. Submissions are made just once for every partnership, and a limit of twenty five recognitions can be made annually (OK Highered, 2010). The actors in this program are basically partnering institutions, which usually pay $500 coordinated by the state regents. The money provided is used for internships for students of institutions to work in the enterprises of partnering business, faculty externships with partnering businesses, tuition waivers to partnering businesses’ staff members, and development of partnerships with supplementary equipment, supplies and materials (OK Highered, 2010). The short term and long term a goal of this program is the same: to facilitate economic development through partnering for the purposes of higher education. In so doing, the partnering members are able to assist each other in catering for the expenses of higher education to ensure that none is left out. In addition, they promote economic growth growth of the member businesses through materials and other kinds of supplies using the funds contributed by each partner (OK Highered, 2010). Just like the other economic development programs mentioned above, this program also faces a number of political and economical problems in its endeavors to accomplish goals and objectives. On the economic part, the program currently has a capacity of twenty two member universities and sometimes, the resources available from the partnership funds cannot meet all the needs of the partners: consequently, the process of assisting members cater for higher education needs has to take longer than the members desire (OK Highered, 2010). This basically, has the result of slowing down the accomplishment of goals and also sometimes results to withdraw of some impatient partners. In addition, the members have too much higher education needs such that the partnership has only to cater for a small percentage of the required amounts. In so doing, the economic goals are partially and not wholly accomplished. Politically, the program is not affected by external politics, but rather by internal politics among the members which mostly results from conflicting interests amongst the members and also in the selection of the leaders who will foresee the management of operations and finances (OK Highered, 2010). However, such issues have been solved successfully within the environs of the partnership. References NCOSAFP (2010). Types of state agricultural finance programs. Retrieved from http://www. stateagfinance. org/types. html OK Commerce (2010). Business financing programs. Retrieved from http://www. okcommerce. gov/Start-A-Business/Financing-Programs/ OK Highered (2010). Economic development grant for the partnership development program. Retrieved from http://www. okhighered. org/econ-dev/partner-recog. shtml